The Impact of Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Teenage Pregnancy Essay The reality TV series 16 and pregnant and Teen Mom are two great examples showing the everyday struggles of teenage pregnancy and a day in the life of a teenage mother. By no means do these two shows glorify teen pregnancy. Teens seem to think that they are inevitable and nothing will happen to them. All it takes is one time to have sexual intercourse to become pregnant. While being wrapped up in the excitement, lust, adrenaline, rush and at times even under the influence these young teens do not seem to think about the outcome that may occur from making the decision to partake in intercourse. The Big Brother sister Program has proved to steer children in the right direction, have a positive impact on these children and encourage these kids to be all they can be. The Big Sister program should address the issue of teen pregnancy by providing sexual education, guidance, free contraception and a respected role model to young females. Providing these teens with sexual education concerning the impact of teenage pregnancy regarding the wellbeing of a teen mother and child, loss of education, and the lack of parenting skills will influence young teens to make better decisions and teen pregnancy will decrease in our community. Teenage pregnancy may seriously impact the wellbeing of their child as well as themselves by not seeking proper medical care which may cause high blood pressure, anemia, toxemia, and Placenta Previa (Bodeeb 2011). Many teens do not even realize they are pregnant until about three or four months, Due to the fact that teens are unaware of the physical and internal changes the body makes to prepare a home in the womb for the baby. It is important for a mother to seek medical attention as soon as possible to make sure of a healthy pregnancy. The early stages of pregnancy are the most important. A mother needs to be aware of the pregnancy for such reasons as: taking prenatal vitamins, smoking cigarettes, drinking or any prescription taking while being pregnant (Bodeeb 2011). Those acts may cause serious long term birth defects and medical complications for the baby. Certain tests need to be performed while in the first few months of a pregnancy as well to make sure there are not any complications. At four months the Down syndrome test is performed on the child while in the womb. That is an issue that any mother would like to know about their unborn child so proper decisions can be made and the mother can find out where to go from then. Un Expecting bleeding may occur and a young mother may seem to think it is an abnormal period, but really it may be a miscarriage and if proper procedures aren’t taken it can result to the loss of the mother. A proper DNC must be performed. Teen pregnancy will be a challenge due to the fact that teens are not provided the skills that are needed to handle a pregnancy and mother hood. This may very well affect the wellbeing of the mother and the child. It is necessary for a teen mother to portray skills for pregnancy. Patience, maturity, and the ability to handle stress is a part of pregnancy. Pregnant teens are at more of a higher risk of postpartum depression syndrome, which starts after delivering the baby. According to CDC, girls who feel down and sad, either while pregnant or after birth should talk openly to someone they trust. Depression can absolutely interfere with taking care of a newborn (â€Å"Teen Pregnancy: Medical Risks and Realities†, 2005-2012). Postpartum depression affects many mothers life while trying to care for their child. This depression makes it hard for a mother to have the want or need to take care of their baby, cry consistently, and may cause the mother to shut herself out away from the rest of the world(†Teen Pregnancy :Medical Risks and Realities†, 2005-2012). Teens are at higher risk of this depression because they are less experienced, scared, the lack of social life and simply because they just do not know how to handle a helpless child depending on the young mother. Teens most of the time lack these skills to obtain a successful pregnancy. Bodeeb also states that according to The U. S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that babies born to teen mothers may have weaker intellectual development and may have on going medical complications. Babies born to teen mothers may have medical complications such as: The growth of the child, which is called premature birth. The earlier a baby is born the more risk there is of respiratory, digestive, vision, cognitive, and other problems (â€Å"Teen Pregnancy: Medical Risks and Realities†, 2005-2012). It is not easy attending high school while expecting a child, especially having to deal with being judged by classmates. Regardless if any teen mother is affected by the comments or snickering being made by the other students, it does not help the situation or make it any easier. These acts that occur all the time in school may cause the young mother to no longer want to attend school . Finding a sitter for the child is a burden because not all parents of a young mother are supportive of the situation. In some cases a young girl getting pregnant while still living at home and attending school may result in her getting thrown out of her home , which makes it even more complicated to attend classes. After having a child the mother is usually given six weeks for recovery and to spend time with the mother. The time missed by the student may result to failure of classes or getting behind. This is when most teens decide to not come back to school because they figure it is more of a hassle and simply do not know what to do. There are some high schools that have day cares located inside the school, but not all. It is a struggle for teens to put their child in day care, especially if they cannot find a job that will work around the school schedule and spending time with the baby. The government does provide assistance in child care but they do not pay for the whole thing. It was recently reported by CBS 2 News that Chicago’s South Side Paul Robenson High School has 115 girls who are pregnant out of 800 girls who attend the school (Roush, 2009). According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics, teen pregnancy is not just local problem and birth rates have been rising during the past few years after more than a decade of decline (Roush, 2009). Soo Ji Min, executive director of the Illinois Caucus for adolescent Health, an organization that advocates for policies to promote sexual health and education among teens said that; the No child Left- behind is the culprit for eliminating sexual education in school. She claimed the lack of information in the schools led to the increase in teen pregnancies (Roush, 2009). If schools are teaching about abstinence and not giving teens the knowledge they need to know about sex and protection, these children are not receiving any information to protect themselves. To continue to discuss the importance of the statistics of pregnancy among teen girls and the impact on their education, less than half of young women who have had a child as a teenager go on to finish high school or let alone go on to pursue studies in college (Roush, 2009). It is becoming harder for anyone to find a job without a college education or nevertheless the bare minimum of a GED or diploma. Bill albert ,a chief Program officer of the National Campaign founded in 1996 to help women stated that; a teenage girl has a three in ten chance of becoming pregnant before turning 20 (Roush , 2009). Without saying adolescent mothers are bad mothers it is safe to say that young mothers lack the ability for proper parenting skills that will play a role in the impact of teen pregnancy on young mothers. The earlier stages of parenting behavior tend to occur from the risk process of stress. Diversion of attention away from socialization, urgent goals of providing shelter and substance, lack of social support, and lack of opportunities to enhance parenting skills all may contribute to the preventing difficulties faced by young mothers living in disadvantaged circumstances. Again these examples provided may be symptoms of postpartum depression syndrome. Teen mothers may simply face a barrier providing for their child and get discouraged in the process and tend to lead to the lack of judgment in providing for the child (Socio Economic Disadvantages and child Development pp185-204). Child parenting skills may consist of aggressive behavior from the child. If a child is acting out, simply unruly, often angry, gets in trouble in school, or defies the parents, these may be signs of aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior from the child is more likely to occur due to a teen having a child at such a young age (Socio Economic Disadvantages and Child Development pp185-204). A teen mothers harsh discipline strategies may also play a role in aggressive behavior from the child. It is hard for a child to discipline a child in the correct manner. In many cases young mothers tend to get overwhelmed and accidently hurt or abuse the child because they get frustrated. Just like their mothers the child of a teen is more likely to experience abuse and neglect and become pregnant as a teen as well (Cheour, 2011). In high school prom was a big deal, but if being pregnant during the occasion it may take away the memories and the pleasure of enjoying the high school experience. Time is limited with friends and sports are completely out of the option while being pregnant. Not only does a child need to remain a child with less stress as possible, there is no need for a young girl to carry the burden of having to take care of a helpless child when some of these teens can barely take care of themselves. The impact of teen pregnancy on young mothers is a more serious issue than some may seem to realize. The concern is of course in regards to a young adult having the proper education provided to decrease teen pregnancy, even if the issue may not be eliminated altogether. The children are our future and by bringing forth the Big sister program filled with volunteers that are willing to guide, assist in young teens making the right decisions, and simply just making a fun positive way of learning about safe sex the numbers of these pregnant girls in school have a chance to decrease. If this program only changes one young woman’s perspective and makes her realize the outcome that may occur from bringing a beautiful life into this world the goal will be accomplished.

Gladiator Essay -- Film Movie Gladiator Sports Essays

Gladiator There have been many sports movies made over the years. Some have been good, while others have been flops. Many sports movies have not been considered overall good movies simply because they were sports movies. I feel that one of the best and most overlooked sports movies of all time is the movie Gladiator. Gladiator is not only a good sports movie, but it is an all around good movie. Before we can call an all around movie a "good" movie, we must first define what a good movie is. A good movie can be defined as a movie that has many exceptional movie elements. The following are some major movie elements: plot, drama, special effects, theme, and character acting. For my review of the movie Gladiator, I will first explain what each one of the major movie elements needs to consist of to be considered good. I will then briefly describe the plot of the movie Gladiator. After that, I will compare the movie elements in Gladiator to the movie elements of a good movie. By doing this, I will explain how Gladiator is an all around good movie. Before a movie can be considered good, it must have a good plot. A good plot is a plot that tells a definite story and doesn’t focus on unimportant details. It moves from point to point and is never dull. A good plot also keeps the audience in suspense and has them wondering what will happen next. The most important part of a good plot is that it must give the audience something unexpected when it plays itself out. It should be surprising and the audience should not be able guess what will happen next. Drama is not a necessity of all movies, but it is a necessity of a good sports movie. A good sports movie should be full of drama. The audience should find themselves turning th... ...stic. James Marshall (Tommy) and Cuba Gooding Jr. (Lincoln) deliver Oscar worthy performances. Their acting is especially superb in their dramatic boxing match against each other. The way that Marshall and Gooding make you feel like you are actually in the arena through their actions is phenomenal. Marshall and Gooding both have the body structure and physical ability of great boxers. The casting for the movie is pure genius. The actors fit perfectly into their roles and perform like they were born to play them. It is my opinion that Gladiator is a movie of high value. It compares quite well to the major elements of a good movie in a lot of areas. A major reason that Gladiator is so fantastic is because although it has multiple themes, it is still very easy to follow and understand. It is an excellent sports movie, and perhaps one of the best movies of all time.

Ias 7

7IAS 7 International Accounting Standard 7 Statement of Cash Flows This version includes amendments resulting from IFRSs issued up to 31 December 2008. IAS 7 Cash Flow Statements was issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee in December 1992. It replaced IAS 7 Statement of Changes in Financial Position (issued in October 1977). In April 2001 the International Accounting Standards Board resolved that all Standards and Interpretations issued under previous Constitutions continued to be applicable unless and until they were amended or withdrawn.Since then, IAS 7 and its accompanying documents have been amended by the following IFRSs: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors (issued December 2003) IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates (as revised in December 2003) IFRS 8 Operating Segments (issued November 2006)* IAS 23 Borrowing Costs (as revised in March 2007)* IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements (as revised in September 2007)* IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (amended in January 2008)†  Improvements to IFRSs (issued May 2008). As a result of the changes in terminology made by IAS 1 in 2007, the title of IAS 7 was changed to Statement of Cash Flows. * †  effective date 1 January 2009 effective date 1 July 2009  © IASCF 999 IAS 7 CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD 7 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWSOBJECTIVE SCOPE BENEFITS OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION DEFINITIONS Cash and cash equivalents PRESENTATION OF A STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities REPORTING CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES REPORTING CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES REPORTING CASH FLOWS ON A NET BASIS FOREIGN CURRENCY CASH FLOWS INTEREST AND DIVIDENDS TAXES ON INCOME INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP INTERESTS IN SUBSIDIARIES AND OTHER BUSINESSES NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS COMPONENTS OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS OTHER DISCLOSURES EFFECTIVE DATE APPENDICES A B Statement of cash flows for an entity other than a financial institution Statement of cash flows for a financial institution paragraphs 1–3 4–5 6–9 7–9 10–17 13–15 16 17 18–20 21 22–24 25–28 31–34 35–36 37–38 39–42B 43–44 45–47 48–52 53–55 1000  © IASCF IAS 7 International Accounting Standard 7 Statement of Cash Flows (IAS 7) is set out in paragraphs 1–55. All the paragraphs have equal authority but retain the IASC format of the Standard when it was adopted by the IASB.IAS 7 should be read in the context of its objective, the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards and the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors provides a basis for selecting and applying accounting policies in the absence of explicit guidance.  © IASCF 1001 IAS 7 International Accounting Standard 7 Statement of Cash Flows* Objective Information about the cash flows of an entity is useful in providing users of financial statements with a basis to assess the ability of the entity to generate cash and cash equivalents and the needs of the entity to utilise those cash flows.The economic decisions that are taken by users require an evaluation of the ability of an entity to generate cash and cash equivalents and the timing and certainty of their generation. The objective of this Standard is to require the provision of information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of an entity by means of a statement of cash flows which classifies cash flows during the period from operating, investing and financing activities. Scope 1 An entity shall prepare a statement of cash flows in accordance with the requirements of this Stan dard and shall present it as an integral part of its financial statements for each period for which financial statements are presented. 2 3 This Standard supersedes IAS 7 Statement of Changes in Financial Position, approved in July 1977.Users of an entity’s financial statements are interested in how the entity generates and uses cash and cash equivalents. This is the case regardless of the nature of the entity’s activities and irrespective of whether cash can be viewed as the product of the entity, as may be the case with a financial institution. Entities need cash for essentially the same reasons however different their principal revenue-producing activities might be. They need cash to conduct their operations, to pay their obligations, and to provide returns to their investors. Accordingly, this Standard requires all entities to present a statement of cash flows. Benefits of cash flow information A statement of cash flows, when used in conjunction with the rest of th e financial statements, provides information that enables users to evaluate the changes in net assets of an entity, its financial structure (including its liquidity and solvency) and its ability to affect the amounts and timing of cash flows in order to adapt to changing circumstances and opportunities. Cash flow information is useful in assessing the ability of the entity to generate cash and cash equivalents and enables users to develop models to assess and compare the present value of the * In September 2007 the IASB amended the title of IAS 7 from Cash Flow Statements to Statement of Cash Flows as a consequence of the revision of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements in 2007. 1002  © IASCF IAS 7 future cash flows of different entities.It also enhances the comparability of the reporting of operating performance by different entities because it eliminates the effects of using different accounting treatments for the same transactions and events. 5 Historical cash flow inform ation is often used as an indicator of the amount, timing and certainty of future cash flows. It is also useful in checking the accuracy of past assessments of future cash flows and in examining the relationship between profitability and net cash flow and the impact of changing prices. Definitions 6 The following terms are used in this Standard with the meanings specified: Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits.Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash flows are inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents. Operating activities are the principal revenue-producing activities of the entity and other activities that are not investing or financing activities. Investing activities are the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments not included in cash equivalents. Financing activities are activities that resu lt in changes in the size and composition of the contributed equity and borrowings of the entity. Cash and cash equivalents Cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments rather than for investment or other purposes. For an investment to qualify as a cash equivalent it must be readily convertible to a known amount of cash and be subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Therefore, an investment normally qualifies as a cash equivalent only when it has a short maturity of, say, three months or less from the date of acquisition. Equity investments are excluded from cash equivalents unless they are, in substance, cash equivalents, for example in the case of preferred shares acquired within a short period of their maturity and with a specified redemption date. Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities.However, in some countries, bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity's cash m anagement. In these circumstances, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents. A characteristic of such banking arrangements is that the bank balance often fluctuates from being positive to overdrawn. Cash flows exclude movements between items that constitute cash or cash equivalents because these components are part of the cash management of an entity rather than part of its operating, investing and financing activities. Cash management includes the investment of excess cash in cash equivalents. 8 9  © IASCF 1003 IAS 7Presentation of a statement of cash flows 10 The statement of cash flows shall report cash flows during the period classified by operating, investing and financing activities. 11 An entity presents its cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities in a manner which is most appropriate to its business. Classification by activity provides information that allows users to assess the impact of those activities on the financi al position of the entity and the amount of its cash and cash equivalents. This information may also be used to evaluate the relationships among those activities. A single transaction may include cash flows that are classified differently.For example, when the cash repayment of a loan includes both interest and capital, the interest element may be classified as an operating activity and the capital element is classified as a financing activity. 12 Operating activities 13 The amount of cash flows arising from operating activities is a key indicator of the extent to which the operations of the entity have generated sufficient cash flows to repay loans, maintain the operating capability of the entity, pay dividends and make new investments without recourse to external sources of financing. Information about the specific components of historical operating cash flows is useful, in conjunction with other information, in forecasting future operating cash flows. Cash flows from operating ac tivities are primarily derived from the principal revenue-producing activities of the entity.Therefore, they generally result from the transactions and other events that enter into the determination of profit or loss. Examples of cash flows from operating activities are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) cash receipts from the sale of goods and the rendering of services; cash receipts from royalties, fees, commissions and other revenue; cash payments to suppliers for goods and services; cash payments to and on behalf of employees; cash receipts and cash payments of an insurance entity for premiums and claims, annuities and other policy benefits; cash payments or refunds of income taxes unless they can be specifically identified with financing and investing activities; and cash receipts and payments from contracts held for dealing or trading purposes. 14Some transactions, such as the sale of an item of plant, may give rise to a gain or loss that is included in recognised profit or loss. Th e cash flows relating to such transactions are cash flows from investing activities. However, cash payments to manufacture or acquire assets held for rental to others and subsequently held for sale as described in paragraph 68A of IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment are cash flows from operating activities. The cash receipts from rents and subsequent sales of such assets are also cash flows from operating activities. 1004  © IASCF IAS 7 15 An entity may hold securities and loans for dealing or trading purposes, in which case they are similar to inventory acquired specifically for resale.Therefore, cash flows arising from the purchase and sale of dealing or trading securities are classified as operating activities. Similarly, cash advances and loans made by financial institutions are usually classified as operating activities since they relate to the main revenue-producing activity of that entity. Investing activities 16 The separate disclosure of cash flows arising from investing activities is important because the cash flows represent the extent to which expenditures have been made for resources intended to generate future income and cash flows. Examples of cash flows arising from investing activities are: (a) cash payments to acquire property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other long-term assets.These payments include those relating to capitalised development costs and self-constructed property, plant and equipment; cash receipts from sales of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other long-term assets; cash payments to acquire equity or debt instruments of other entities and interests in joint ventures (other than payments for those instruments considered to be cash equivalents or those held for dealing or trading purposes); cash receipts from sales of equity or debt instruments of other entities and interests in joint ventures (other than receipts for those instruments considered to be cash equivalents and those held for dealing or trad ing purposes); cash advances and loans made to other parties (other than advances and loans made by a financial institution); cash receipts from the repayment of advances and loans made to other parties (other than advances and loans of a financial institution); cash payments for futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts and swap contracts except when the contracts are held for dealing or trading purposes, or the payments are classified as financing activities; and cash receipts from futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts and swap contracts except when the contracts are held for dealing or trading purposes, or the receipts are classified as financing activities. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) When a contract is accounted for as a hedge of an identifiable position the cash flows of the contract are classified in the same manner as the cash flows of the position being hedged.  © IASCF 1005 IAS 7 Financing activities 7 The separate disclosure of cash flows a rising from financing activities is important because it is useful in predicting claims on future cash flows by providers of capital to the entity. Examples of cash flows arising from financing activities are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) cash proceeds from issuing shares or other equity instruments; cash payments to owners to acquire or redeem the entity’s shares; cash proceeds from issuing debentures, loans, notes, bonds, mortgages and other short or long-term borrowings; cash repayments of amounts borrowed; and cash payments by a lessee for the reduction of the outstanding liability relating to a finance lease. Reporting cash flows from operating activities 8 An entity shall report cash flows from operating activities using either: (a) the direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments are disclosed; or the indirect method, whereby profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows. (b) 19 Entities are encouraged to report cash flows from operating activities using the direct method. The direct method provides information which may be useful in estimating future cash flows and which is not available under the indirect method.Under the direct method, information about major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments may be obtained either: (a) (b) from the accounting records of the entity; or by adjusting sales, cost of sales (interest and similar income and interest expense and similar charges for a financial institution) and other items in the statement of comprehensive income for: (i) (ii) (iii) changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables; other non-cash items; and other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows. 20 Under the indirect method, the net cash f low from operating activities is determined by adjusting profit or loss for the effects of: (a) changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables; 1006  © IASCF IAS 7 (b) on-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, deferred taxes, unrealised foreign currency gains and losses, and undistributed profits of associates; and all other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows. (c) Alternatively, the net cash flow from operating activities may be presented under the indirect method by showing the revenues and expenses disclosed in the statement of comprehensive income and the changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables. Reporting cash flows from investing and financing activities 21 An entity shall report separately major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments arising from investing and financing activities, except to the extent that cash flows described in paragraphs 22 an d 24 are reported on a net basis. Reporting cash flows on a net basis 2 Cash flows arising from the following operating, investing or financing activities may be reported on a net basis: (a) cash receipts and payments on behalf of customers when the cash flows reflect the activities of the customer rather than those of the entity; and cash receipts and payments for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short. (b) 23 Examples of cash receipts and payments referred to in paragraph 22(a) are: (a) (b) (c) the acceptance and repayment of demand deposits of a bank; funds held for customers by an investment entity; and rents collected on behalf of, and paid over to, the owners of properties. Examples of cash receipts and payments referred to in paragraph 22(b) are advances made for, and the repayment of: (a) (b) (c) 24 principal amounts relating to credit card customers; the purchase and sale of investments; and other short-term borrowings, for example, those which have a maturity period of three months or less.Cash flows arising from each of the following activities of a financial institution may be reported on a net basis: (a) cash receipts and payments for the acceptance and repayment of deposits with a fixed maturity date; the placement of deposits with and withdrawal of deposits from other financial institutions; and (b)  © IASCF 1007 IAS 7 (c) cash advances and loans made to customers and the repayment of those advances and loans. Foreign currency cash flows 25 Cash flows arising from transactions in a foreign currency shall be recorded in an entity’s functional currency by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the cash flow. The cash flows of a foreign subsidiary shall be translated at the exchange rates between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the dates of the cash flows. 26 7 Cash flows denomina ted in a foreign currency are reported in a manner consistent with IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. This permits the use of an exchange rate that approximates the actual rate. For example, a weighted average exchange rate for a period may be used for recording foreign currency transactions or the translation of the cash flows of a foreign subsidiary. However, IAS 21 does not permit use of the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period when translating the cash flows of a foreign subsidiary. Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not cash flows.However, the effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents held or due in a foreign currency is reported in the statement of cash flows in order to reconcile cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and the end of the period. This amount is presented separately from cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities and includes the diffe rences, if any, had those cash flows been reported at end of period exchange rates. [Deleted] 28 29 30 [Deleted] Interest and dividends 31 Cash flows from interest and dividends received and paid shall each be disclosed separately. Each shall be classified in a consistent manner from period to period as either operating, investing or financing activities. 32The total amount of interest paid during a period is disclosed in the statement of cash flows whether it has been recognised as an expense in profit or loss or capitalised in accordance with IAS 23 Borrowing Costs. Interest paid and interest and dividends received are usually classified as operating cash flows for a financial institution. However, there is no consensus on the classification of these cash flows for other entities. Interest paid and interest and dividends received may be classified as operating cash flows because they enter into the determination of profit or loss. Alternatively, interest paid and interest and divi dends received may be classified as financing cash flows and investing cash flows respectively, because they are costs of obtaining financial resources or returns on investments. 33 1008  © IASCF IAS 7 34Dividends paid may be classified as a financing cash flow because they are a cost of obtaining financial resources. Alternatively, dividends paid may be classified as a component of cash flows from operating activities in order to assist users to determine the ability of an entity to pay dividends out of operating cash flows. Taxes on income 35 Cash flows arising from taxes on income shall be separately disclosed and shall be classified as cash flows from operating activities unless they can be specifically identified with financing and investing activities. 36 Taxes on income arise on transactions that give rise to cash flows that are classified as operating, investing or financing activities in a statement of cash flows.While tax expense may be readily identifiable with investin g or financing activities, the related tax cash flows are often impracticable to identify and may arise in a different period from the cash flows of the underlying transaction. Therefore, taxes paid are usually classified as cash flows from operating activities. However, when it is practicable to identify the tax cash flow with an individual transaction that gives rise to cash flows that are classified as investing or financing activities the tax cash flow is classified as an investing or financing activity as appropriate. When tax cash flows are allocated over more than one class of activity, the total amount of taxes paid is disclosed. Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures 7 When accounting for an investment in an associate or a subsidiary accounted for by use of the equity or cost method, an investor restricts its reporting in the statement of cash flows to the cash flows between itself and the investee, for example, to dividends and advances. An entity which reports its interest in a jointly controlled entity (see IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures) using proportionate consolidation, includes in its consolidated statement of cash flows its proportionate share of the jointly controlled entity’s cash flows. An entity which reports such an interest using the equity method includes in its statement of cash flows the cash flows in respect of its investments in the jointly controlled entity, and distributions and other payments or receipts between it and the jointly controlled entity. 38Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries and other businesses 39 The aggregate cash flows arising from obtaining and losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses shall be presented separately and classified as investing activities. An entity shall disclose, in aggregate, in respect of both obtaining and losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses during the period each of the following: (a) the total consideration paid or received; 4 0  © IASCF 1009 IAS 7 (b) (c) the portion of the consideration consisting of cash and cash equivalents; the amount of cash and cash equivalents in the subsidiaries or other businesses over which control is obtained or lost; and the amount of the assets and liabilities other than cash or cash equivalents in the subsidiaries or other businesses over which control is obtained or lost, summarised by each major category. (d) 41The separate presentation of the cash flow effects of obtaining or losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses as single line items, together with the separate disclosure of the amounts of assets and liabilities acquired or disposed of, helps to distinguish those cash flows from the cash flows arising from the other operating, investing and financing activities. The cash flow effects of losing control are not deducted from those of obtaining control. The aggregate amount of the cash paid or received as consideration for obtaining or losing control of subsi diaries or other businesses is reported in the statement of cash flows net of cash and cash equivalents acquired or disposed of as part of such transactions, events or changes in circumstances. Cash flows arising from changes in ownership interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control shall be classified as cash flows from financing activities.Changes in ownership interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control, such as the subsequent purchase or sale by a parent of a subsidiary’s equity instruments, are accounted for as equity transactions (see IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (as amended in 2008)). Accordingly, the resulting cash flows are classified in the same way as other transactions with owners described in paragraph 17. 42 42A 42B Non-cash transactions 43 Investing and financing transactions that do not require the use of cash or cash equivalents shall be excluded from a statement of cash flows. Such transactio ns shall be disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements in a way that provides all the relevant information about these investing and financing activities. 44Many investing and financing activities do not have a direct impact on current cash flows although they do affect the capital and asset structure of an entity. The exclusion of non-cash transactions from the statement of cash flows is consistent with the objective of a statement of cash flows as these items do not involve cash flows in the current period. Examples of non-cash transactions are: (a) (b) (c) the acquisition of assets either by assuming directly related liabilities or by means of a finance lease; the acquisition of an entity by means of an equity issue; and the conversion of debt to equity. 1010  © IASCF IAS 7 Components of cash and cash equivalents 5 An entity shall disclose the components of cash and cash equivalents and shall present a reconciliation of the amounts in its statement of cash flows with the e quivalent items reported in the statement of financial position. 46 In view of the variety of cash management practices and banking arrangements around the world and in order to comply with IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, an entity discloses the policy which it adopts in determining the composition of cash and cash equivalents. The effect of any change in the policy for determining components of cash and cash equivalents, for example, a change in the classification of financial instruments previously considered to be part of an entity’s investment portfolio, is reported in accordance with IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. 47 Other disclosures 8 An entity shall disclose, together with a commentary by management, the amount of significant cash and cash equivalent balances held by the entity that are not available for use by the group. 49 There are various circumstances in which cash and cash equivalent balances held by an entity are not available for use by the group. Examples include cash and cash equivalent balances held by a subsidiary that operates in a country where exchange controls or other legal restrictions apply when the balances are not available for general use by the parent or other subsidiaries. Additional information may be relevant to users in understanding the financial position and liquidity of an entity.Disclosure of this information, together with a commentary by management, is encouraged and may include: (a) the amount of undrawn borrowing facilities that may be available for future operating activities and to settle capital commitments, indicating any restrictions on the use of these facilities; the aggregate amounts of the cash flows from each of operating, investing and financing activities related to interests in joint ventures reported using proportionate consolidation; the aggregate amount of cash flows that represent increases in operating capacity separately from those cash flow s that are required to maintain operating capacity; and the amount of the cash flows arising from the operating, investing and financing activities of each reportable segment (see IFRS 8 Operating Segments). 50 (b) (c) (d)  © IASCF 1011 IAS 7 51The separate disclosure of cash flows that represent increases in operating capacity and cash flows that are required to maintain operating capacity is useful in enabling the user to determine whether the entity is investing adequately in the maintenance of its operating capacity. An entity that does not invest adequately in the maintenance of its operating capacity may be prejudicing future profitability for the sake of current liquidity and distributions to owners. The disclosure of segmental cash flows enables users to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the cash flows of the business as a whole and those of its component parts and the availability and variability of segmental cash flows. 52 Effective date 53 54 Thi s Standard becomes operative for financial statements covering periods beginning on or after 1 January 1994.IAS 27 (as amended in 2008) amended paragraphs 39–42 and added paragraphs 42A and 42B. An entity shall apply those amendments for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009. If an entity applies IAS 27 (amended 2008) for an earlier period, the amendments shall be applied for that earlier period. The amendments shall be applied retrospectively. Paragraph 14 was amended by Improvements to IFRSs issued in May 2008. An entity shall apply that amendment for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. Earlier application is permitted. If an entity applies the amendment for an earlier period it shall disclose that fact and apply paragraph 68A of IAS 16. 55 1012  © IASCF

Apollo 11 One of The Greatest Moments in History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1202 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Apollo 11 Essay Did you like this example? Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, Neil Armstrong, July 20, 1969. This was one of historys famous quote, Neil Armstrong said this before he took his first step on the moon. The 363 ft. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Apollo 11: One of The Greatest Moments in History" essay for you Create order Apollo rocket launch took place in Cape Canaveral, Florida at 9:37 am on July 16, 1969.   The objective of Apollo 11 was to complete as National goal set by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961: perform a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth, (One Giant Leap for Mankind 1st par.). Apollo 11 was one of greatest moments in history not only cause the United States got a man to the moon, but for some other great reasons that shaped America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For one, it ended the space race the United States was having with the Soviet Union. The space race happen during the Cold War, although both countries never went to war. The Cold War was tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Apollo 11 also helped in other political things as well. Second, people all over the globe saw Apollo 11 on their television. An estimated over half a billion people saw Armstrongs televised image and heard him as he took a step on the moon. It brought America together. Third Apollo lead to an advantage in technology, that we still use to this day. Leading NASA to discover more space and lead America to the future. Apollo 11 was a milestone in history because it ended the tension between the United States and Soviet Union, It was the first time man has ever stepped on the moon, and it lead to an advancement in technology. The Cold War was an event leading up to Apollo 11. Both the United States and the Soviet Union had tension in between them. These two countries both had nuclear missiles, but never used any of the missiles. The Cold War was never a fighting war, It was tension between their supports on a certain side. The moments filled with the most tension were the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and the Korean War. This war was mainly between the communist party and the democratic party. To see who was the most powerful and better country. When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, the United States was surprised to find themselves behind in the race to space ( Rosenberg, First Man on the Moon 1st par.). Then so the race started to see who could land on the moon first. When the race first started the Soviet Union was not ahead, until they created a ballistic missile. They used that same missile to get to the moon, but with some modifications. The reason why putting a man on th e moon was important, was to show which country had superior technology and weapons. Still behind the Soviets in the Space Race four years later, President John F. Kennedy gave inspiration and hope to the American people in his speech to Congress on May 25, 1961 in which he stated, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the Earth. ( Rosenberg, First Man on the Moon 2nd par.). The United States achieved this goal before the Soviets in July 20, 1969, when Neil Armstrong stepped foot on the moon ending the space race. This showed the Soviet Union that the United States was more superior and had better technology. Although this did not end the Cold War, the war ended in 1991, when the Soviet Union fell off and became Russia. Neil Armstrong stepping on the moon showed the United States was superior. On July 20, 1969,   cameras transmitted images from the moon to over half a billion people on Earth who sat watching their televisions. It was phenomenal that these people were able to witness the amazing events that were unfolding hundreds of thousands of miles above them ( Rosenberg,   First Man on the Moon). All these people from all over the world watching as Neil Armstrong takes his first step on the moon. After a while the astronauts received a call from President Richard Nixon. Nixon began by saying, Hello, Neil and Buzz. I am talking to you by telephone from the Oval Office of the White House. And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone calls ever made. I just cant tell you how proud we are of what you have done. ( Rosenberg, First Man on the Moon). After Apollo 11 that was all people could talk about at the time. When the astronauts returned back home, a parade was thrown and had many people there. People also believed that the moon landing was fake and it w as shot in Hollywood. They also claimed that there was evidence in the video of the moon landing. However, NASA claims they made special cameras so that the people on Earth could watch it happen. Apollo 11 also had an impact on the people not just in the United States, but around the world that the sky is not the limit. Apollo 11 not only showed us that the sky is not the limit, but that our technology does not stop there as well. The astronauts suit and the LVR. The astronauts suit also known as the mercenary space suit, was made by B.E. Goodrich. Goodrich was assigned the contract in July 1959, to make the spacesuits ( Watkins, Pg. 108). The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LVR) was a project designed by Saverio Sonny Morea. Morea saw the need for a car on the moon. Morea said, We could tell they were struggling. We could hear them breathing hard, Morea says. And that meant they were putting forth a lot of effort, which meant they were consuming a lot of oxygen. We found out that night that working on the moon is hard. It was an issue the LRV could help with. If we were going to do any serious exploring, it was a must. ( Watkins, Pg.180). These people helped create the technology we needed to go to the moon. All this technology had a price to it. An estimated 176 billion dollars was spent on all the Apollo p rograms including Apollo 11. From the beginning of all the Apollos till the end, 1962-1972. After people found out how much money was spent they did not want to go to the moon again. Apollo 11 created over 6 thousand inventions that we use in our everyday lives. Inventions such as computer chips, smoke detectors, and tools with no cords. Without Apollo 11 we would not have all the technology we have till this day.   We are still advancing every single day in technology. Apollo 11 also gave us hope for further exploration in the future. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Apollo 11 helped shape the world we live in today. Although, people till this day still think it was fake that NASA did not land a man on the moon. There is countless evidence that makes it true. What we do know is that Apollo 11 proved to the Soviet Union the United States is superior, how it brought America together, and all the advancement in technology. Apollo 11 may just have seemed to be a man stepping on the moon, but It was so much bigger than that.